Numerous machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL)-based approaches have been proposed to utilize textual data from social media for anti-social behavior analysis like cyberbullying, fake news detection, and identification of hate speech mainly for highly-resourced languages such as English. However, despite having a lot of diversity and millions of native speakers, some languages like Bengali are under-resourced, which is due to a lack of computational resources for natural language processing (NLP). Similar to other languages, Bengali social media contents also include images along with texts (e.g., multimodal memes are posted by embedding short texts into images on Facebook). Therefore, only the textual data is not enough to judge them since images might give extra context to make a proper judgement. This paper is about hate speech detection from multimodal Bengali memes and texts. We prepared the only multimodal hate speech dataset for-a-kind of problem for Bengali, which we use to train state-of-the-art neural architectures (e.g., Bi-LSTM/Conv-LSTM with word embeddings, ConvNets + pre-trained language models, e.g., monolingual Bangla BERT, multilingual BERT-cased/uncased, and XLM-RoBERTa) to jointly analyze textual and visual information for hate speech detection. Conv-LSTM and XLM-RoBERTa models performed best for texts, yielding F1 scores of 0.78 and 0.82, respectively. As of memes, ResNet-152 and DenseNet-161 models yield F1 scores of 0.78 and 0.79, respectively. As for multimodal fusion, XLM-RoBERTa + DenseNet-161 performed the best, yielding an F1 score of 0.83. Our study suggests that text modality is most useful for hate speech detection, while memes are moderately useful.

我们介绍了在Fire 2021举行的Dravidian-Codemix共享任务的结果，是代码混合文本中的Dravidian语言的情绪分析轨道。我们描述了任务，其组织和提交的系统。这种共享任务是去年的Dravidian-Codemix共享任务的延续，在火灾2020举行。今年的任务包括在令牌内部和令互相互补级别的代码混合。此外，除了泰米尔和马拉雅拉姆，还介绍。我们收到了22种Tamil-English，15个用于Malayalam-English系统的系统和15个用于Kannada-English。Tamil-English，Malayalam-English和Kannada-English的顶级系统分别获得加权平均F1分，分别为0.711,0.804和0.630分。总之，提交的质量和数量表明，在这种域中的代码混合设置和最先进状态下对Dravidian语言有很大的兴趣仍然需要更多的改进。

随着移动计算和网络技术的快速增长，令人反感的语言在社交网络平台上变得更加普遍。由于本地语言的令人反感语言识别对于中等社交媒体内容至关重要，因此在本文中，我们使用三种Dravidian语言，即Malayalam，Tamil和Kannada，这些语言遭到资源。我们在EACL 2021的Fire 2020- Hasoc-DravidiancodeMix和Dravidianlangtech提供了一个评估任务，旨在提供一个比较不同方法对此问题的框架。本文介绍了数据创建，定义任务，列出参与系统，并讨论各种方法。

社交媒体平台上的滥用内容的增长增加对在线用户的负面影响。对女同性恋，同性恋者，跨性别或双性恋者的恐惧，不喜欢，不适或不疑虑被定义为同性恋/转铁症。同性恋/翻译语音是一种令人反感的语言，可以总结为针对LGBT +人的仇恨语音，近年来越来越受到兴趣。在线同性恋恐惧症/ Transphobobia是一个严重的社会问题，可以使网上平台与LGBT +人有毒和不受欢迎，同时还试图消除平等，多样性和包容性。我们为在线同性恋和转鸟以及专家标记的数据集提供了新的分类分类，这将允许自动识别出具有同种异体/传递内容的数据集。我们受过教育的注释器并以综合的注释规则向他们提供，因为这是一个敏感的问题，我们以前发现未受训练的众包注释者因文化和其他偏见而诊断倡导性的群体。数据集包含15,141个注释的多语言评论。本文介绍了构建数据集，数据的定性分析和注册间协议的过程。此外，我们为数据集创建基线模型。据我们所知，我们的数据集是第一个已创建的数据集。警告：本文含有明确的同性恋，转基因症，刻板印象的明确陈述，这可能对某些读者令人痛苦。

已经开发了许多方法，以通过消除社交媒体平台的庸俗，令人反感和激烈的评论来监测现代岁月中的消极性传播。然而，存在相对较少的研究，这些研究会收敛于拥抱积极性，加强在线论坛中的支持性和放心内容。因此，我们建议创建英国kannada希望语音数据集，Kanhope并比较几个实验来基准数据集。 DataSet由6,176个用户生成的评论组成，代码混合kannada从YouTube刮擦并手动注释为轴承希望语音或不希望的演讲。此外，我们介绍了DC-BERT4HOPE，一种使用Kanhope的英语翻译进行额外培训的双通道模型，以促进希望语音检测。该方法实现了0.756的加权F1分数，更好的其他模型。从此，卡霍普旨在促进坎卡达的研究，同时促进研究人员，以鼓励，积极和支持的在线内容中务实的方法。

由于社交媒体的指数增加，重要的是关注其消极方面，因为它可能会划分社会，并将人们煽动暴力。在本文中，我们展示了我们在共享任务逗号@图标上的工作的描述，在那里我们必须对句子进行分类，如果句子是性别偏见或公共偏见的话。这三个可能是在社会中造成重大问题的主要原因。作为团队巨大，我们提出了一种用不同的预磨模的方法，具有注意力和均值的汇集方法。我们能够在孟加拉的0.223实例F1分数获得等级3，在多语言集中排名2，在多语言集中进行0.322个实例F1分数，在MEITEI上排名4，在MEITEI上进行0.129个实例F1分数，并在印地语中进行0.336实例F1分数。这里可以在此处找到源代码和预磨损的模型。

State-of-the-art object detectors are treated as black boxes due to their highly non-linear internal computations. Even with unprecedented advancements in detector performance, the inability to explain how their outputs are generated limits their use in safety-critical applications. Previous work fails to produce explanations for both bounding box and classification decisions, and generally make individual explanations for various detectors. In this paper, we propose an open-source Detector Explanation Toolkit (DExT) which implements the proposed approach to generate a holistic explanation for all detector decisions using certain gradient-based explanation methods. We suggests various multi-object visualization methods to merge the explanations of multiple objects detected in an image as well as the corresponding detections in a single image. The quantitative evaluation show that the Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) is more faithfully explained compared to other detectors regardless of the explanation methods. Both quantitative and human-centric evaluations identify that SmoothGrad with Guided Backpropagation (GBP) provides more trustworthy explanations among selected methods across all detectors. We expect that DExT will motivate practitioners to evaluate object detectors from the interpretability perspective by explaining both bounding box and classification decisions.

The automated synthesis of correct-by-construction Boolean functions from logical specifications is known as the Boolean Functional Synthesis (BFS) problem. BFS has many application areas that range from software engineering to circuit design. In this paper, we introduce a tool BNSynth, that is the first to solve the BFS problem under a given bound on the solution space. Bounding the solution space induces the synthesis of smaller functions that benefit resource constrained areas such as circuit design. BNSynth uses a counter-example guided, neural approach to solve the bounded BFS problem. Initial results show promise in synthesizing smaller solutions; we observe at least \textbf{3.2X} (and up to \textbf{24X}) improvement in the reduction of solution size on average, as compared to state of the art tools on our benchmarks. BNSynth is available on GitHub under an open source license.

In recent years, denoising diffusion models have demonstrated outstanding image generation performance. The information on natural images captured by these models is useful for many image reconstruction applications, where the task is to restore a clean image from its degraded observations. In this work, we propose a conditional sampling scheme that exploits the prior learned by diffusion models while retaining agreement with the observations. We then combine it with a novel approach for adapting pretrained diffusion denoising networks to their input. We examine two adaption strategies: the first uses only the degraded image, while the second, which we advocate, is performed using images that are ``nearest neighbors'' of the degraded image, retrieved from a diverse dataset using an off-the-shelf visual-language model. To evaluate our method, we test it on two state-of-the-art publicly available diffusion models, Stable Diffusion and Guided Diffusion. We show that our proposed `adaptive diffusion for image reconstruction' (ADIR) approach achieves a significant improvement in the super-resolution, deblurring, and text-based editing tasks.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.